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GLP-1 receptor agonists exert their effects through multiple pathways:
: By activating hypothalamic receptors, these drugs reduce hunger signals and increase satiety, leading to decreased caloric intake.
: Enhanced glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppressed glucagon release improve glycemic control in diabetic patients.
: Emerging evidence suggests anti-inflammatory effects and improved endothelial function, reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
The half-life of GLP-1 medications varies significantly between agents. Short-acting formulations like exenatide require twice-daily dosing, while long-acting versions such as semaglutide maintain therapeutic concentrations for up to seven days. This pharmacokinetic profile explains why even brief treatment interruptions can disrupt their biological effects.
